Ubundlobongela obusekelwe kwisini njengentlekele yesizwe

Amazinga obundlobongela obusekelwe kwisini nokubulawa kwabasetyhini (GBVF) kudala echazwa njengengxaki yesizwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukwamkelwa kwawo ngokusesikweni njengentlekele yesizwe kweyeNkanga ka2025 kuphawule inguqu ebalulekileyo. Abantu abaninzi eMzantsi Afrika baye babuza imibuzo ethi, kuthetha ukuthini oku, kwaye ngaba kuya kunceda ngenene. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuchazeni ukuba lo mahluko uthetha ukuthini, kutheni wenziwe, kwaye ingaba kunokwenzeka na ukutshintsha iziphumo.

Iinkcukachamanani zamapolisa

Idatha ekhokelele kwesi sigqibo iyothusa. Phakathi kuTshazimpuzi nenyanga yoMsintsi ka2025, iNkonzo yamaPolisa aseMzantsi Afrika ibhalise amatyala angama24 417 olwaphulomthetho lwezesondo, kuquka amatyala okudlwengula angama19 387 nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okungaphezu kwama3 400. La manani abonisa kuphela amatyala axeliweyo. Uphando luqhubeka lubonisa ukuba ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo buxelwa kancinci. La manani ke abonisa intlekele exhaphakileyo neyenkqubo.

Ukuqonda uMthetho woLawulo lweNtlekele

Ngokulula, uMthetho woLawulo lweNtlekele ka2002 uchaza intlekele njengesiganeko esinokuthi senzeke ngesiquphe okanye sikhule ekuhambeni kwexesha, esibangelwa yindalo okanye ngabantu – esinokuthi sibangele ukufa, ukwenzakala, ukuphazamiseka okanye umonakalo kwimpilo yoluntu, okanye ukuphazamisa ubomi boluntu ngendlela engaphaya kwamandla abo bachaphazelekayo ukuyilawula ngezixhobo zabo (iCandelo 1 loMthetho). Ngamanye amazwi, intlekele yinto egqitha amandla eenkqubo eziqhelekileyo.

Xa ijongwa ngolu hlobo lomthetho, ubundlobongela obusekelwe kwisini nokubulawa kwabasetyhini ngokucacileyo kufanelekile njengentlekele yesizwe. Iye yakhula ngokuhamba kwexesha, ibangelwa ngabantu, ikhokelela ekubhubheni nasekonzakaleni, iphazamisa ubomi boluntu, yaye njengoko umzabalazo wesizwe okudala ukho wokulwa nayo ubonakalisile, ungaphaya kwamandla abo bachaphazelekayo ukuwulawula bodwa.

Kutheni olu lwahlulo lwenziwe ngoku?

Isigqibo sokuchaza ubundlobongela obusekelwe kwisini nokubulawa kwabasetyhini njengentlekele yesizwe silandele iminyaka yenkxaso yoluntu kunye nobungqina bokuba iimpendulo ezikhoyo azanelanga. Umzekelo, kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu sokunika ingxelo kutshanje, phantse abasetyhini abangamawaka babulawa, abangaphezu kwewaka (1 500) basinda kwiinzame zokubabulawa, abangaphezu kwe14 000 bahlaselwa ngenjongo yokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni, kwaye ngaphezu kwe10 000 amatyala okudlwengula axelwa ngokusesikweni. La manani, kwakhona, abonisa kuphela amatyala axeliweyo, logama iingcali zivuma ngokubanzi ukuba iziganeko ezininzi azifiki emapoliseni.

Imeko ke ngoko sele ifikelele kwinqanaba elingasakwazi ukuphathwa njengolwaphulomthetho oluqhelekileyo. Oku kubonakala kukhokelele ekubeni iZiko loLawulo lweNtlekele leSizwe lichaze le meko njengentlekele yesizwe (iCandelo 23(1)(b) lifundwa kunye neCandelo 23(6) loMthetho woLawulo lweNtlekele).

Umahluko phakathi “kwentlekele yesizwe” kunye “nesimo sentlekele yesizwe”

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isibhengezo sentlekele yesizwe (umzekelo iGBVF) yahlukile kwisibhengezo kwemo yentlekele yesizwe (umzeleko iCOVID-19). Ukubhengezwa kwentlekele yesizwe akuthethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba urhulumente ufumana amagunya akhethekileyo anawo phantsi kwemeko yentlekele yesizwe (iCandelo 27(2) loMthetho woLawulo lweNtlekele), kwaye akukho mda wexesha leenyanga ezintathu (iCandelo 27(5)(a) loMthetho).

Isimo sentlekele yesizwe sisibhengezo somthetho esenziwa nguMphathiswa woLawulo lweNtsebenziswano neMicimbi yezeMveli kuphela xa: Imithetho eqhelekileyo nezicwangciso zingonelanga ukujongana nentlekele ngokufanelekileyo, okanye xa kukho izizathu ezikhethekileyo zokwenza eso sibhengezo (iCandelo 27(1) loMthetho). Oku kwenzeka ngexesha lobhubhane weCOVID-19, nto leyo eyavumela uMphathiswa ukuba enze imimiselo yethutyana ekhethekileyo efana nokunciphisa intshukumo yabantu kunye nokumisela imida yezinto ezinokuthengwa okanye zithengiswe njalo njalo.

Ngokubanzi, intlekele yesizwe sisiganeko esikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba urhulumente wesizwe kufuneka athathe uxanduva. Ngelixa ukubhengezwa kwemo yentlekele yesizwe isisenzo somthetho esinika urhulumente amagunya akhethekileyo, nangona ingawexeshena, ukuze ajongane nentlekele akonelanga.

Yintoni eyenziwa lolu lwahlulo?

Njengoko iGBVF ichazwe njengentlekele yesizwe, isiqgeba sesizwe kufuneka siququzelele iinkqubo zokusabela (iCandelo 26 loMthetho woLawulo lweNtlekele). Oku kuthetha ukuba iGBVF ayiselulo uxanduva lwamasebe azimeleyo. Endaweni yoko, urhulumente kufuneka amkele isicwangciso esibanzi, alungelelanise amaziko, abonelele ngezibonelelo, futhi aqinise iinzame zokuthintela. Umzekelo, le nkqubo inokunceda ukwandisa inkxasomali yamaziko okhuseleko (safe houses), iiyunithi zotshutshiso ezikhethekileyo, iinkonzo zoncedo lwezengqondo (trauma services), nokomelezwa kwamandla amapolisa.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela into engayenziwayo lolu lwahlulo: Kwakhona, akukho migaqo sisiseko okanye izithintelo ezingaqhelekanga. Endaweni yoko, olu luhlu luvula uxanduva lolungelelaniso, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba izakhiwo ezikhoyo kufuneka zisebenze kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye zibekwe phantsi kweliso elibukhali.

Ngaba luya kusebenza? Izifundo ezivela kumava

Amava abonisa ukuba izakhelo zomthetho azivelisi iziphumo ngokuzenzekelayo. Imibutho yaseMzantsi Afrika echasene norhwaphilizo ibonisa indlela uyilo lomthetho olunokusilela ngayo xa lungenazo izakhono, ukuzimela nezixhobo. Esi sicwangciso sentlekele sinesithembiso sempumelelo, kodwa impumelelo iya kuxhomekeka ekuphunyezweni kwaso.

INew Zealand inika umzekelo oluncedo. Nangona ikwajongene namanqanaba aphezulu eGBVF, yamkele indlela ebanzi neyexesha elide yokujongana nobundlobongela basekhaya nobesondo ebizwa ngokuba yiTe Aorerekura, eyasungulwa kweyoMnga ka2021. Sisicwangciso sesizwe seminyaka engama25. Sijonga ubundlobongela basekhaya nobesondo njengokusilela kulawulo olufuna inguqu kwindlela eyakhiwe ngayo inkqubo, endaweni yokubonwa njengento efuna isisombululo sexeshana. Esi sicwangciso siquka utyalomali olukhulu kwiinkqubo zedatha, iinkqubo zeenkundla ezikhethekileyo, kunye neenkonzo ezijolise kumaxhoba. Injongo yayo kukufikelela kwindawo apho bonke abantu bahlala ngaphandle kobundlobongela. Ngaphandle kotyalomali olufanayo, uMzantsi Afrika usemngciphekweni wokungahoywa ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibambekayo.

Yintoni ekufuneka yenzeke emva koku?

Ukuthintela esi siphumo, ukubhengezwa kweGBVF njengentlekele yesizwe kufuneka kukhokelele kwiinguqu ezibonakalayo nezinokumetwa. Amapolisa, iinkonzo zokutshutshisa, iinkundla, oonontlalontle, neenkqubo zoluntu kufuneka zomelezwe kwaye zixhaswe ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kufuneka kuphuculwe. ISebe loCwangciso, uLandelelo noVavanyo sele liqalise imephu yobungqina beGBVF – imephu ehlaziywa rhoqo egxile kulo mba, edibanisa izifundo zenzululwazi, idatha karhulumente nolwazi oluvela kuluntu. Nangona kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika usasilela kwinkqubo elandelela iziphumo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nenani lemeko ezikhokelela kwizigwebo, isantya sokusingathwa kwamatyala, okanye nokuba amaxhoba afumana inkxaso abayidingayo na. Iinkokeli zezopolitiko kufuneka zigcine ingqalelo nangaphaya kwezibhengezo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ukusilela kwamaziko kuyasonjululwa kunokuba kwamkelwe njengento eqhelekileyo.

Isiphelo

iGBVF inyhasha amalungelo omgaqosiseko afana nesidima, ubomi, inkululeko kunye nokhuseleko lomntu. Ikwanyhasha umanyano loluntu kunye nempilontle yesizwe. Ukuqondwa kweGBVF njengentlekele yesizwe linyathelo elibalulekileyo.

Libonisa ukuba le ngxaki ayisiyonto encinci, yabucala okanye eqhelekileyo. Ngokomthetho, inika isikhokelo solungelelwaniso nokungxamiseka. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko amava ethu eempendulo kurhwaphilizo ebonisa, impumelelo yesi sikhokelo ixhomekeke kwizixhobo, kulawulo, nokuzinikela okuzinzileyo kwezopolitiko.

Uvavanyo lokwenyani luya kuba kukuba olu lwahlulo lukhokelela na ekunciphiseni ubundlobongela, ekuphuculeni iziphumo zobulungisa, nasekwenzeni uluntu lukhuseleke ngakumbi. Isiseko sele sibekiwe. Umngeni ngoku kukuguqula ukuqondwa komthetho ube kukhuseleko olusebenzayo.

Inqaku libhalwe nguLusanda Mahkuntsu egameni leFW de Klerk Foundation.