Xa luyintoni ulwaluko sele bambi becinga ngeemveku ezisesefukwini nje?

Umbhali: Jongisilo Pokwana ka Menziwa

Iphephandaba I’solezwe lesiXhosa lishicilele ingxoxo yombali onguMnumzana Siyabulela Mqikela ngomhla weshumi elinesithandathu kulenyanga imiyo yeNkanga. Isihloko salengxozo sithi: “Maboluswe bezalwa aba bantwana.”

Umxholo walengxoxo yalomfo kaMqikela ugxile kwingqiqo ethi kunganqandwa ukubhubha kwabakhwetha xa kunokuthi iimveku zisavela, zingekaphumi nasesibhedlele apho zibelekelwekhona ngoonina, zikhawulezelwe ngokususwa amajwabi.

Eneneni zininzi ke iimfeketho esidibana nazo njengoko abanye bethu bekwiqoqo elisingethe lomcimbi wolwaluko apha kweliphondo laseMpuma Koloni, kangangokuba ezinye zezingcamango nezingcebiso xa umntu enokuthi aziphulaphule ngeendlebe ezibuthuntu angaqiniseka ukuba kukho nto ayivileyo.

Inyaniso yona echanileyo nengagungqiyo yeyokokuba kuyadingeka ukuthi xa abantu benomdla wokuza neengcebiso ezisekelwe ekusombululeni iingxubakaxaka ezikumila kunje umntu aqale adlane iindlebe nabo bawuphetheyo umcimbi ukuze bamqaphelise amagagelo angaphambani kunye noku kuzanywa ukwenziwa, ukanti nosele kwenziwe na kakade.

Umcimbi wolwaluko ngumcimbi ocekekece kakhulu kuba akwanelanga nje ukukhuliswa komntwana oyinkwenkwe kodwa sube sele kufike ithuba lokuba anikwe iimfanelo zakhe ngokwamasiko, izithethe nemigaqo-nkqubo yakokwabo lowo welukayo.

Lento ke ithetha ukuthi ulwaluko asikokudlulisela usana kunina koko kukuqatshelwa kwezinto emazenziwe ngokulandelelana ukuze lowo wenzelwayo naye akwazi ukubaluleka kokukungqamana kwezinto nokulandelelaniswa kwazo ukuze namhla kufika ithuba lokuba naye enze njalo kwabalandelayo angabinakufunisela koko abenolwazi ngokucacileyo.

Yintoni ulwaluko okanye ukweluka?

Eligama lithi ulwaluko lithathwelwe kwigama elithi ukwalula okanye ukwelula, lithi ke ukwelula isimilo okanye ukwenza umntu lowo kuthethwa ngaye abenesimilo esingqalileyo.

Ukusuka ebukhwenkweni ukuya ebudodeni umntu ngokwesiNtu sethu udinga ukwalulwa isimilo kuba kaloku umgaqo-nkqubo wesiNtu ukhuthaza ukunyanyezelwa kwayo inkwenkwe xa ikhula, isenza ezompazamo zokukhula, ngenxa yokwazi indlela akhiwe ngayo umntu.

Lonto yenze okokuba kufuneke umntu lowo uyinkwenkwe athi akufika kwikhabathiso lokukhuliswa athatyathwe asiwe esuthwini aye kufundiswe indlela eya ebudodeni.

Yilondlela ke lena imshiya enephawu emzimbeni wakhe lokuba ngenene udlulile ebuntwaneni ngoku, ukuze naye kuyo yonke imihla yobomi bakhe ahlale esazi okokuba elosiko alenzelweyo lisisifungo sakhe kuye awasenzayo ngomhla wokuqala efika esuthwini xa kanye egqiba kudibana nengcibi. Amadoda ke ayakuyazi lento ndingadanga ndaphumela elubala.

Ukuba ke siyevana xa sithetha ngoluhlobo, iyakuthetha ukuthi lonto ayikho imveku enokuze yaluke, ntonje umntwana angalwenziwa ke olotyando ngoogqirha xa kufaneleke okanye xa kuviwane ngolohlobo ngabazali.

Unyanisile yena lo kaMqikela xa esithi utshintsho yinto ekhoyo kwaye nalapha kulwaluko sele ininzi into engasenziwa njengangoko kwakusadliwa ngendebe endala.

Kodwa ke enyanisweni kusekuninzi okusagciniwe nokusalandelwayo xa ujonga inkqubo iyonke yolwaluko ungagadi nje ukudalwa kophawu enkwenkweni.

Impazamokazi enkulu kukuthatha ulwaluko kwenziwe nje into yokudibanisa inkwenkwe nengcibi, kulityalwe yonke inkqubo kunye nentsingiselo yayo emzimbeni wenkwenkwe, ekuhlaleni kanti ke nasempilweni yenkwenkwe nekhaya elo.

Imiceli mingeni

Liyinyaniso elokuba ukususela kunyaka ka2006 ukuza kuthi ga ngonyaka ka2022 umonakalo owenzekileyo uhambisa umzimba, ingakumbi xa uthelekisa lamanani athi:

• Abakhwetha abangene ezibhedlele bakwisithuba samawaka alishumi (10 000).
• Abakhwetha ababhubhileyo kwelithuba babalelwa kumakhulu alithoba (900).
• Abaphulukene nobudoda babalelwa kwisithuba samakhulu amane (400).

Ithi ke lento yintlekele lena eshiye izilonda kumakhaya-ngamakhaya kwaye amanye amakhaya aphulukene nehlumela ebekujongiswe kulo malunga nokuvuswa okanye ukukhuliswa lwalomakhaya. Nangaliphi na ixesha njengeenkokheli zemveli sisolokho sikhala nawo lamakhaya.

Ukuba ithuba belivuma bendakukhe ndihle amahlonwane phezulu ndizicakace ezinkcukacha-manani ukuze umlesi acacelwe okokuba xa sisithi kubhubhe abakwetha abakwisithuba samakhulu alithoba ukusuka ngonyaka ka2006 ithetha ukuthini lonto?

Okuthi nje babhubha bebulawa yintoni na ababantwana. Ngamafutshane ke, ndingavusanga zilonda kumakhaya alahlekelweyo mandenjenje, njengokuba sisebenza nyaka nonyaka ngexesha lolwaluko sincama amakhaya sihambele amabhuma kwaye sifumana izinto ezininzi ezifana nezi:

• Amakhwenkwe aluswa ziingcibi eziphantsi kweempelelo zotywala.
• Amakhankatha angekho mgangathweni wakuxhonxa similo samntu kuba lona kuqala liseyintanga yokuqondiswa isimilo nendlela yokuziphatha.
• Abazali abatyeshela amabhuma bengaqinisekisi ukusondela kuka Tata wekhaya xa umntwana esesuthwini.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamabhuma ngezinto eziyingozi nezingekho mthethweni.
• Ukweluswa kwabantwana abancinci ze bafihlwe ematyholweni xa sisiza.
• Ukwelusana kwabantwana, lento sithi kukulimazana kwabo – ngenxa yokuqonda kwethu ukuba yintoni na kanye kanye ukweluka.
• Ukusezwa kwabantwana utywala phambi kokuba beluke kunye nasemabhumeni.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi nasemabhumeni – nto leyo ingananzelelwayo ngamakhaya.
• Ukufundiswa kwabakhwetha iziyobisi kunye notywala befundiswa ngamakhankatha kunye nangabanye abakhwetha.

Zininzi ke nezinye izinto kodwa asingezidaluli zonke. Makwanele nje ukuthi, isiko lokwaluko lalinesidima ngethuba bekudibana amadoda elali kwisithuba seenyanga phambi kokuba kweluke amakhwenkwe.

Lamadoda ebebizane ebhungeni ngelokubonisana ngomsebenzi wawo ozayo futhi ebuzana lemibibuzo phakathi kweminye:

• Ingaba zeziphi iingcibi ezisasebenza kakuhle nezisalungele ukusenzela indoda?
• Ingaba ngawaphi amadoda azinzileyo engqondweni nangumzekelo eluntwini, asenako ukuwusebenza lomsebenzi wokukhankathela abakhwetha, axhonxe izimilo, afundise izinto ezilindelekileyo neziluxanduva endodeni. Loo madoda ke ibangamadoda anemizi, anabafazi, anezinto, ahlakaniphileyo, akhutheleyo, angamachule okuzenzela nezixhobo zokusebenza kwaye angumzekelo elalini.
• Bekuqatshelwa ke kulontlanganiso zonke izinto ezidinga ukuqwalaselwa ukususela ekwazisweni koomama ukuze nabo baqalise ukuqwalasela olwabo uxanduva kuloo msebenzi, nezinye izinto ngokunjalo

Ke, yintoni le ichithachithe lenkqubo sele sinezizihelegu nje?

Okokuqala, ifuthe laseNtshona liye lizinza nangakumbi phakathi koluntu olumnyama kwaye luyazigqibezela ukuzichitha iziselo zenkcubeko yabaNtu.

Amakhaya achithekile, umninawe akamazi nokuba usisiciko sayiphi imbiza umkhulu, intombi iwufinga ubemfutshane umbhinqo ithi unotshe ukuba ilawulwe ngomnye umntu ngenxa yokuba esuke wajingisa ngaphambili, abazali abasabonelwe nto kulamakhaya.

Ukuchitheka kwekhaya ke kukonakala kwesona siseko sibalulekoleyo kuba yingqokelela yamakhaya le yenza ukuba kuthiwe yilali yasekuthini lena.

Okwesibini, ubukhosi njengeyona ncindi yempiliso ibifanele ukudibanisa lamakhaya ukuze kwakhiwe ilali enomthetho, enamasiko nemigaqo-nkqubo, kwabona ubukhosi buyingxwelerha yalenguqu kuba kaloku olurhulumento lwentando-yeninzi selwasiphathela imikhuba yokuba kuphathe nabani na othandayo, latyeshelwa ke isiko ebelingafumani lichonge nkosi, koko kuqala bekukhangelwa inkulu nezakuba ngumphathi-mkhonto wokuphilisa usapho olo lunobukhosi.

Namhlanje sesande kakhulu isibalo soodade noomama beenkosi abaphetheyo. Konto ke ililahlise isiko kangangokuba amanye amakomkhulu awasayi kuphinda abeneminombo engqalileyo nelandelelekayo kuleminyaka izayo.

Inyaniso ke yeyokokuba oomama noodade abakwazi ukusondela kulemiba yamasiko kuba inkqubo yesiNtu ihamba ihambe iphikisane nengqesho le yenziwa nguRhulumente kwizikhundla zobukhosi.

Okwesithathu, uRhulumente ngokwakhe uyabuchitha ubukhosi kwaye uqale ngokuzithena amandla iinkosi de azivalele eziseleni ezizama ukukhalimela abamoshi xa zithe zakhalima okanye amaphakathi lawo akhalima ngokusa isandla okanye ukuwisa izohlwayo eziqatha.

Lonto ke yenze okukuba athi lamatyala akudluliselwa kwiinkundla zikaRhulumente kwatsho kwaphela uzinzo kwilali ezininzi. Lento ke izenza iinkosi zinxweme xa kufika kwimicimbi enzima kuba kaloku ivantyhi iza iphala xa kufuneka kubanjwe inkosi nangaphezu kwamaxa kufuneka kubanjwe isidlwengu nesigqinta.

Ngonyaka ka2012 ndandenze uqikelelo oluthi unyaka ka2034 uyofika ubukhosi bona sele buyimbali nje kuba uRhulumente uyobe sele ephumelele ukubuchitha chithiyane.

Ingaba ithini indlela eya phambili?

Okokuqala, ulwaluko asilolweenkosi nakubeni iinkosi zingabagcini-mafa bezizwe zabo. Ulwaluko lolwamakhaya, lolweelali, lolwamathile ngokweziduko zezizwe ngezizwe.

Lento ke ithetha ukuthi kudingena inkqubo edibanisa isizwe ngasinye sibonisane ngeengxaki ezinokuthi kanti zibagubungele maxa wambi zibe ezingaki zingenjalo ncakasana kwesinye isizwe.

Isizwe ngasinye ke kufuneke sigwadle indlela yokusombulula loomangqina babhekene nawo ukuze isisombululo ibesesabo kunye neendlela zokusalusa okanye ukusigada esisisombululo ibezezabo.

Okwesibini, lengxoxo kaMqikela ingaphinde ibengumbuzo kwezintlanganiso zesizwe ngasinye, bazibuze ukuba ingaba behlulekile na lulwaluko ukuze kufuneke bakhangele iindlela zimbi zokwenza nokuba ingakukumphawula esesefukwini umntwana kusini?

Okwesithathu, ingakukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwaluko asinto ingaxoxelwa ezidolophindi nasemisakazweni koko yinto ezinze apha ekuhlaleni kwiziseko zeelali: Amakhankatha, iingcibi, oobhodi, iinkosi, amaphakathi, amakomiti kaCeba naye ngobuqu, amagosa nabefundisi beenkonzo zonke, iinkokheli zemibutho ekuhlaleni nditsho noomasincgwabane nazo zonke iinkokheli ezikhoyo ezilalini ukuquka noosomashishini babenoxanduva lokudibana rhoqo kulungiswa kwaye kugadwe izinto ezingeziso ezona ukuhlala nalo ulwaluko. Ilali nganye ibenebhunga lolwaluko ekukhethwe phakathi kwezinkokheli zokuhlala.

Okokugqibela, ingakukukhangela indlela yokuqinisa ingalo yomthetho neenkonzo zikaRhulumente okuquka:

• Ukuselwa kweenkundla zamatyala zethutyana (special courts) ukuze agwetywe kwangoko owaphule umthetho, nokuba yingcibi, ikhankatha, umzali, ugqirha, amagosa kaRhulumente okanye umkhwetha na kakane.
• Amagosa kaRhulumente angamadoda atyalwe ngokwaneleyo kwiindawo ezibekelwe ukuqwalasela abakhwetha abathe baneengxaki nanjengoko sisazi ukuba bambi beluka benezigulo zabo ukanti ke abanye bayagula besesuthwini njengamntu wonke othi agule.

Ukuba asithabathi manyathelo angawo, lengxoxo yomfo kaMqikela iyakusinamathela njengesanama, kunyazeleke siphendule okokubana ingaba elisiko lisafanele na ukuqhutywa xa lichaphazeleka ekuphulukaneni kwabantu nemiphefumlo.

Ubomi bomntu omnye othe waphulukana nabo bubom obuninzi gqitha kuba isiNti sithi inkunzi isematholeni yaye umhlambi ongemgqeku awunakamva.

Ngokuphulukana namadodana aliwaka elinamakhulu amathathu, xa sidibanisa nabo balahlekelwe ngamalungu obubudoda, sube sele siphulukene nabantu abakwisibalo seelali ezintandathu kuba kaloku ezinye iilali inye yimizi engamakhulu amabini. Ithetha ukuthi lonto isizwe sonzakele nangakumbi.

Xa ndizakulahla olusiba lwam mandenjenje, ingxelo kaRhulumente ithi inani labantu ababhubhe ezindleleni apha kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni ngexesha leeholide zenyanga yomnga kunyaka ka2022 ngabantu abangamakhulu amabini anesihlanu (205), logama kwakwesisithutyana salenyanga inye qwaba kubhubhe abantu abaliwaka elinamakhulu amane, amashumi amahlanu ananye (1 451) kwelilizwe loMzantsi Afrika.

Ngalamazwi ke ndikhuthaza ukuba niqaphele ezindleleni, isantya phantsi, utywala ningabungcamli xa nizakuqhuba. Fikani niphila emakhaya, camagu!

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UJongisilo Pokwana ka Menziwa, ubhala e-kwaZangashe Komkhulu, ukwanguye noMqondisi-Jikele weSiseko Sokuvusa isizwe sika Menziwa ngokugxila eluphandweni lwembali, nebizwa ngokwasemzini ngokuthi yiVusizwe Foundation for Oral Historical Research.